Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth’s atmosphere. It is composed of one carbon atom bonded with two oxygen atoms, and its chemical formula is CO2. CO2 is an essential component of the Earth’s carbon cycle, playing a crucial role in maintaining the planet’s temperature and supporting life.

Key Matters and Considerations in ESG

CO2 is produced through various natural and human activities. Natural sources of CO2 include volcanic eruptions, respiration by living organisms, and decay of organic matter. However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, have significantly increased the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

CO2 is considered a greenhouse gas because it contributes to the greenhouse effect, a natural process that helps to regulate the Earth’s temperature. The greenhouse effect allows sunlight to penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere but traps a portion of the heat radiated back from the Earth’s surface. This helps to keep the planet warm enough to support life. However, the increased concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities has enhanced the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.

The excessive buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere is a primary driver of anthropogenic climate change. When fossil fuels are burned for energy, such as in power plants, vehicles, and industries, CO2 is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct. Deforestation and land-use changes also contribute to CO2 emissions as trees, which absorb CO2 through photosynthesis, are removed.

The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere has long-term consequences. It contributes to rising global temperatures, melting of ice caps and glaciers, sea-level rise, altered weather patterns, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity.

Efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions and reduce its impact on the climate are essential. These include transitioning to renewable and low-carbon energy sources, improving energy efficiency, adopting sustainable land-use practices, and promoting carbon capture and storage technologies. Additionally, international agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, to mitigate the impacts of climate change and promote a sustainable future.